Борошно сапонітове - меліорант комплексної дії – магнієвмісне добриво, Хмельницька обл.

The most important problem of agriculture is the maintenance of soil fertility and increased crop yields. Agriculture without systematic scientifically sound use of reclamation leads to a decrease in the production of crop production, deterioration of the physicochemical properties of soils, which causes accelerated degradation and reduction of potential and effective fertility.
The requirement of today is the cultivation of crop production with optimal costs of chemical means and maximum productivity, which can be achieved by using natural highly effective recruiters of complex action, aimed at improving the physical, physico-chemical and agrochemical properties of soils, which in turn contributes to the production of high yields.

Saponite flour is a meliorant of a complex action - a magnesium -containing fertilizer, which is made of saponite clay (metamorphosed tuff), which contains in its composition saponite minerals with a high content of magnesium (up to 12%). Mineral Saponon - a trioctahedral high -proportional SM, mineral from a group of layered silicates, which has a three -layer labile structure and refers to the most magnesium subspecies montmorylonitis. Having a specific layered crystalline structure, saponite is noted for high dispersion and metabolic capacity, it is characterized by the ability to sorgt cations and some anions and turn them into metabolic ions that can exchange for other cations or anions when interacting in aqueous solution. Saponite flour absorption capacity is 78.6 MEKV/100g of product, average content: MGO - 11.5 %, CAO - 2.4 %, K2O - 0.81 %, NA2O - 0.26 %.
A special natural combination of macro and microelements in the composition of saponite flour provides its high rates of the specific surface of swelling, colloidal, capacity of cation exchange.
Saponite flour is more efficient than traditional limestone flour. If the peak of activity in the soil of the latter is observed in the second or fourth year after application, then the saponite flour is active in the first year, with its reclamation not only persisted, but also increased in the third year. This is due to the high activity and rate of metabolic reactions of the saponite with the soil. Thus, when the concentration of hydrogen ions in the soil solution metabolic reactions with clay minerals will neutralize them, secreting into the solution of cations of the metabolic complex of saponite - magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium. Due to the metabolic reactions, the reaction of soil solution is neutralized, the optimal environment for plant growth and development is created.
= According to the results of perennial research by research and production institutions and organizations of Ukraine, saponite flour is recommended to be used as a landmiorant of a complex action-magnesium fertilizer for effective implementation of reclamation measures to preserve soil fertility, namely,підвищення ємності вбирання ґрунту, часткової нейтралізації ґрунтової кислотності, збільшення вмісту обмінного магнію у ґрунтовому вбирному комплексі та підвищення ефективної родючості.
The National Scientific Center "Institute of Agriculture of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences" developed and implemented DSTU 7110: 2009 flour Saponitovoy Meliorant of Complex Action.
== Saponite flour is recommended for:
- neutralization of soil acidity and replacement of absorbed hydrogen ions of calcium and magnesium ions. Saponite flour is an effective chemical meliorant in small doses (1-3 t/ha). The significant content of calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium cations in the saponite (about 550 kg per 3T) is manifested by high activity in the soil. In the first year, there is a significant increase in pH by 0.42-2.05 units and a significant decrease in hydrolytic acidity in the soil. Over the next 3-5 years after introduction, the reclamation of the saponite is not only stored but increased.
- increase of soil absorption capacity. Saponitis increases the capacity of cation metabolism, which leads to an increase in the total container of soil absorption by 0.8-1.2 meq. The content of metabolic cations enriched with soil saponite increases both due to natural reserves in the saponite of alkaline and alkaline earth elements, and at the expense of its selective and exchange capacity for some ions.
- maintaining humus and tendency to accumulate. The total content increases by 0.11-0.12% compared to the source content, which in terms of mass units is 3.3-3.6 t/ha, respectively. This is due to the highly active action of the saponite as a natural sorbent, as well as the receipt into the soil solution and the absorbent complex of the exchange bases of Ca2+ and Mg2+.
= - creation of optimal physical, water-physical and other living conditions of cultivated plants. The introduction of saponite promotes the formation of waterproof soil units, improves aeration and water permeability. Increases the resistance of plants to adverse hydrothermal conditions caused by a lack of moisture or increasing air temperature.
= - improvement of soil nitrogen regime due to the activation of the activity of beneficial microorganisms, especially nitrogen -fixing and nitrific bacteria. The application of saponite flour (3 t/ha) helps to increase and stabilize the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil, as well as maintain the content of moving phosphates in the arable layer (0-20 cm) at the level of the original and third year after application. In addition, the content of moving phosphorus compounds (4.7 mg/100g of soil above the original content) increases. Increasing the absorption capacity under the influence of saponite and receipt with up to 80 kg/ha K2O contributed to the consolidation and additional enrichment of the arable soil layer with exchange potass - providing plant nutrition with calcium and magnesium. The use of saponite flour has a positive effect on both content and metabolic magnesium reserves. The content of metabolic magnesium in the arable soil of the soil increases to 9.2-10.1 mg/100 g, which is 27-58% above the original content. Inventories of exchange magnesium in a arable soil of the soil 0-20 cm increase by 95-185 kg/ha MGO.
- забезпечення живлення рослин кальцієм і магнієм. Застосування сапонітового борошна позитивно впливає як на вміст, так і на запаси обмінного магнію в ґрунті. Вміст обмінного магнію в орному шарі ґрунту збільшується до 9,2-10,1 мг/100 г, що на 27-58% вище вихідного його вмісту. Запаси обмінного магнію в орному шарі ґрунту 0-20 см збільшуються на 95-185 кг/га MgO.
- Prevention of microbial toxicosis with the use of mineral fertilizers;
- improving the living conditions of earthworms that contribute to aeration, filtration and formation of waterproof units;
- obstruction of heavy metals and radionuclides into plants; (// tractor-service.com)
- stimulation of development of beneficial microorganisms that have important agronomic importance;
- promotion of processes of neutralizing the remains of biocides (pesticides, herbicides, = fungicides, etc.=);
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-increase in crop yields up to 80% and productivity of the crop rotation link (buckwheat-wheat of winter-Yachmina spring) up to 77%.
Saponite flour does not contain harmful toxic impurities, which allows to receive environmentally safe crop production for organic farming systems.
= The soil is made from 1 t/ha to 3 t/ha saponite flour.
The terms of application of saponite flour are regulated by biological features of culture, requirements for the reaction of the soil environment, technology of cultivation, the system of soil cultivation and the system of fertilization of crops:
= -for radical change and optimization of the physico-chemical properties of the soil, it is advisable to make saponite flour by autumn uniform scattering on the surface with subsequent peeling, disk or shelf treatment to a depth of 5-20 cm, providing homogeneous mixing in the root layer. - in the spring in a short agrotechnical time, it is recommended to apply minor doses (0.2-0.6 t/ha) flour for pre-sowing cultivation or locally in rows during sowing.
- весною у стислі агротехнічні строки, рекомендується вносити незначні дози (0,2-0,6 т/га) борошна під передпосівну культивацію чи локально у рядки під час сівби.
Release form
Dry bulk powder (fraction up to 1 mm) from light brown to dark brown, without extraneous odors. There are minor inclusions.
Packaging
Paper or polypropylene bags of 5, 10, 25 kg, Big-beags 1000 kg.
= Caution
Saponite flour is non-toxic, fire and explosive.
Shelf life
2 years from the date of manufacture. Party number and the date of manufacture indicated on the package.

Produced in accordance with DSTU 7110: 2009 Flour Saponite Reclamation of Complex Action