Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). The hot transgenic variety FLORIDA of food buckwheat, scientifically developed by the well-known Canadian holding SERTIS and the American concern UNION CARBIDE. An annual crop from the buckwheat family with a height of 165 cm. The plant
buckwheat resembles the shape of a currant bush: 15 stems grow from the node of the bush from the bottom to the top with an inclination of 40 degrees, the stem is upright, branchy, on which buckwheat flowers are located. The inflorescences are fragrant, the fruit clusters are three-sided, brown or dark gray nuts with sharp edges are covered with membranous shells. To obtain groats, the fruits are freed from these inedible shells: crushed in special mills.
Buckwheat seeds germinate at a temperature of + 14 + 15 C°, friendly sprouts appear at a temperature of + 20 C° on the 7th day. After the emergence of sprouts, buckwheat plants quickly increase leaf mass, shading the soil surface and thus preventing the germination of weed plant seeds. In addition, the root system of buckwheat inhibits the development of weeds by releasing into the soil substances called bioherbicides, which inhibit the development of weeds for some time.
Buckwheat sprouts die at a temperature of + 2 °C, so buckwheat is sown late — from the beginning of May to August 5. From the appearance of sprouts to budding, buckwheat grows quickly, and from budding to the beginning of seed ripening, it grows very vigorously: during this period, buckwheat accumulates more than 70% of the total mass of dry matter. The root is taproot, strongly branched.
Buckwheat grains contain easily digestible proteins (up to 16%), including essential amino acids - arginine and lysine, carbohydrates (up to 30%) and fats (up to 3%), as well as many minerals: iron, calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc, boron, iodine, nickel, cobalt, fiber, malic, citric, oxalic acid, vitamins of group B, vitamins P, rutin. Glycoside of rutin, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, protocatechinic acid, and caffeic acid were found in the herb. The seeds contain starch (up to 67%), fatty oils, citric and malic acids. Fagopyrin was isolated from the flowers. Most buckwheat plants are used in medicine, buckwheat preparations have hypotonic, antisclerotic, expectorant properties, and the rutin contained in them improves elasticity and increases the permeability of capillaries. It is used for the treatment of hypoavitaminosis, in the treatment and prevention of hemorrhages in the brain, heart, retina of the eye, in the tendency to hemorrhages in the skin and mucous membranes, hemorrhagic diatheses, in the treatment of rheumatism.
The main product produced from buckwheat is buckwheat groats, which have high taste and dietary properties. Buckwheat is native to East Asia. Some researchers believe that cultivated buckwheat originated from a widespread weed — Tatar buckwheat. It is assumed that the buckwheat culture is more than 2.5 thousand years old. Its first foci were in the territory of modern Northern India, in the Himalayas. From there it penetrated into China, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and then into Europe. Remains of buckwheat were found in the lower reaches of the Don during excavations dating back to the 1st-2nd century AD, as well as in archaeological finds in Ukraine. FLORIDA — a transgenic Canadian buckwheat variety was bred in Canada in 2016. It underwent variety tests for drought resistance in Algeria, Mexico, Ethiopia, and South Africa, where the average air temperature was + 56 °C. And also in Russia (in Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai), Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan. In these conditions, the culture showed excellent results in terms of productivity: in 2016, 45 centners were harvested from 1 ha.
A DISTINCTIVE FEATURE OF THE TRANSGENIC CANADIAN VARIETY OF BUCKWHEAT FROM COMMON VARIETIES:
Buckwheat Florida is characterized by increased drought resistance: up to + 58 °C.
It is characterized by resistance to high temperatures: during flowering and fruit formation, buckwheat pollen does not burn even at a temperature of + 58 °C.
This variety has stable immunity to all diseases that affect ordinary varieties of buckwheat (aschitosis, phytophthora, phyllostictosis, bacteriosis, mosaic, gray rot, white spot, root rot, bacterial spot, etc.).
It is resistant to all harmful insects that affect common varieties of buckwheat (all types of aphids, mining flies, all types of winter sawflies, sawflies, moths, sawflies, thrips, gall mites, buckwheat leafhoppers, buckwheat mosquitoes, beetle larvae, stem nematodes, etc.) due to the introduction of a tetragene isolated from the wormwood plant into the structure of the buckwheat DNA cell. bitter.
Resistant to soil salinization.
Buckwheat grain ripens evenly on the entire plant and does not fall off until fully ripened. Thanks to this, buckwheat does not need to be dried, it is harvested directly by harvesters.
Florida buckwheat is a self-pollinating crop and does not require the presence of bees.
This variety was sown in 2017 in Ukraine in the Kherson, Dnipropetrovsk, Vinnytsia, Chernihiv, and Ternopil regions, where the average buckwheat yield was 55 centners per hectare.
The weight of 1000 seeds is 47 grams.
(//tractor-service.com)
The yield of the Canadian transgenic buckwheat variety FLORIDA is min. 55 cents, max. 62 cents. with 1 hectare.
Germination — 98%, Germination energy — 98%, Varietal purity — 100%, Moisture — 12%
The rate of sowing buckwheat of the FLORIDA variety per 1 ha is 25 kg with precision seed drills or seed drills of our
provided by grains C 3- 3.6, SZU — 3.6, beet seed drill SST -12B. Seeds are sown to a depth of 6-7 cm. Buckwheat can be sown both in the usual row method (15 cm between rows) and in wide rows (45 or 60 cm).
Soil treatment. In most areas of buckwheat cultivation, the autumn tillage after the stubble precursors consists of husking the stubble with LDH — 10, LDH — 15 disk cultivators and field plowing with plows with PTK pre-ploughs -35
PNL — 8 — 40, PLP -6‒35 with PVR devices — 3.5, PVR — 2.3.
Sowing of the Canadian transgenic buckwheat variety FLORIDA begins on April 25 and lasts until August 5 inclusive.
Insecticides are not used. Resistant to all harmful insects.
Herbicides. For the complete destruction of one-year dicotyledonous weeds in buckwheat crops, it is necessary to apply herbicide 2 DD 500 — d.v. dimethylamine salt, spraying the soil with it after sowing, 2-3 days before buckwheat sprouts. Consumption rate of 1.2 — 1.6 l per 1 ha or herbicide Gezagard KS/500 g/l promethrin — 1.5 l per 1 ha before germination.
Nitroammophoska fertilizers of 150-160 kg are applied after sowing the crop.
The vegetation period of Canadian buckwheat of the FLORIDA variety from sowing to harvesting is 63 — 66 days (early).
Economic justification. The price for 1 ton of commercial buckwheat is UAH 24,000. Mines are removed from one hectare. 55 centners and poppy. 62 centners, which is min. UAH 132,000. Costs for 1 hectare are UAH 2,300, with the use of herbicides, plowing, cultivation, diesel fuel, drying, seeds.